First Aid: Cold Exposure
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Intense cold can freeze the water in the body's cells (frostbite). Over time, exposure to cold may cause the body's overall temperature to drop (hypothermia). The result can be death.
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The brain carries a temperature regulator that keeps the body near a healthy 98°F. But prolonged exposure to extreme cold may confuse this natural thermostat. Remember: When body temperature goes way out of line, trouble isn't far behind.
1
Raise Body Temperature
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In case of frostbite, wrap the area in a soft, loose cloth and seek medical attention right away. If medical care is not nearby, hold the affected area under warm, but not scalding, water until normal skin color returns. Don`t cause additional tissue damage by rubbing the area affected by frostbite.
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In case of hypothermia, put the victim in a sleeping bag or wrap him or her in dry blankets. Be sure to remove any wet clothing first.
2
Give Warm Liquids
Seek medical help if any of the following is true:
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The person's fingers, toes, nose, or ears are numb.
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The affected body part looks yellow-white or patchy blue.
Call 911 immediately if the victim has any of the following:
While you wait for help:
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Reassure the person.
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Treat for shock or provide rescue breathing or CPR, if needed.
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Publication Source:
McCullough L, Arora S, American Family Physician 70(12), Diagnosis and treatment of hypothermia, Dec 15 2004, pp 2335-2332
Online Medical Reviewer:
Keyes, Linda MD
Date Last Reviewed:
6/1/2005
Date Last Modified:
6/1/2005