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Digestive Diseases Glossary

Following are common terms that you may hear when you or your child visit the doctor for a digestive problem.

  • Abdominalultrasound: An imaging test that uses sound waves to form pictures of abdominal organs.

  • Bariumcontrast: A chalky substance that makes body parts show more clearly on x-rays.

  • Biopsy: A procedure during which the doctor takes a small tissue sample from the body to help with diagnosis.

  • CT (computed tomography): A test that combines x-rays and computer processing technology to form detailed images of the body.

  • Colonoscopy: A test that allows the doctor to see inside the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This includes the colon and rectum.

  • Colonoscope: A long, flexible tube with a camera and a light at the end. It’s inserted into the colon so the doctor can view inside.

  • Constipation: A condition that occurs when stools are hard and dry, which often leads to straining or difficulty passing stool.

  • Diarrhea: Loose bowel movements that are more frequent and watery than usual.

  • Endoscopy: A test that allows the doctor to see inside the upper GI tract. This includes the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (first part of the small intestine).

  • Endoscope: A long, flexible tube with a camera and a light at the end. It’s inserted through the mouth and into the upper GI tract so the doctor can view inside.

  • Enema: A liquid that’s inserted through a person’s rectum to clean out the colon.

  • Enteralnutrition: Tube feeding. If a person is having trouble swallowing foods or liquids safely, a feeding tube may be needed. This is a special tube that puts liquid food or medication straight into the digestive tract.

  • GI (gastrointestinal): Relating to the digestive tract.

  • Laxative: A food or medication that loosens the stool to clean out the colon.

  • MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): A test that uses strong magnets and radio waves to form sharp images of the body.

  • NG (nasogastric) tube: A soft, flexible tube that’s inserted through the nose, down the esophagus, and into the stomach, usually for feeding purposes.

  • Stoma: A small opening that’s made in the abdomen and connected to the intestine to allow a new way for waste to leave the body.

  • Suppository: A medication that’s inserted through the anus and dissolves in the rectum. It can be used to loosen the stool to clean out the colon.

  • Total parenteral nutrition (TPN): A type of feeding during which nutrients are delivered through an intravenous (IV) line called a catheter (a small, flexible tube). The catheter is inserted into a vein. This allows nutrients to be given directly into the bloodstream.

  • Ulcer: A sore in the lining of the digestive tract.

  • Ultrasound: An imaging test that uses sound waves to form pictures of internal organs.

  • X-ray: A form of electromagnetic radiation. X-rays can’t be seen, but they can be used to create images of bones and internal organs. These images are called x-rays or radiographs.

Date Last Reviewed: 9/30/2006
Date Last Modified: 9/30/2006